> For the complete Linea documentation index, see [llms.txt](/llms.txt). > Agents can fetch this page as Markdown at [https://docs.linea.build/stack/how-it-works.md](https://docs.linea.build/stack/how-it-works.md). # How it works This section introduces how the Linea stack works from an operator's perspective. It surfaces the architecture, deployment models, and component boundaries you need to understand to run a network effectively. ## Architecture As an Ethereum-equivalent network, the Linea stack uses a dual-layer architecture separating consensus from execution. This design enables modular deployment, client diversity, and operational flexibility. - Understand the core [components](/stack/how-it-works/core-components) that make up the stack - Learn more about the [protocol architecture](/protocol/architecture) ## Deployment models The Linea stack allows operators to tweak the deployment model according to their business case, for example, Linea can be operated as: - Private Validium: Offchain data availability, ideal for regulated financial applications - Public: Fully public network with onchain data availability See more on the [deployment options](/stack/how-it-works/deployment-models). ## Data availability and finalization For details on L2/L3 relationships, smart contract requirements, and how data availability differs by deployment model, see [data availability and finalization](/stack/how-it-works/data-availability-finalization). important Understanding data availability and finalization is key to good deployment decisions.